Radioactive pollution, local and regional scale transport and dispersion modeling A case study of the Fukushima nuclear accident
Ogundugba, Simisola A. 1983-
Radioactive pollution, local and regional scale transport and dispersion modeling A case study of the Fukushima nuclear accident Simisola A. Ogundugba; Supervisor: Vali Bashiry - Nicosia Cyprus International University 2013 - IX, 80 p. map, fig.,tab. 30.5 cm CD
Includes CD
CHAPTER ONE 1 1 INTRODUCTION 1 SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 6 CHAPTER ONE 8 BACKGROUND OVERVIEW 8 FUKUSHIMA DAIICHI NUCLEAR POWER PLANT 8 FUKUSHMA NUCLEAR DISASTER 10 Containment Breakdown Process 11 NUCLEAR FISSION PRODUCTS 14 ATMOSPHERE DISPERSION AND RADIONUCLIDE RELEASE 18 Theoretical and Physical Basis for Dispersion 18 Transport and Trajectory Process 19 Diffusion by Turbulent Eddies 19 Modifying Process (Atmospheric Removal) 20 Features of the Long Range Transport 21 Atmospheric Dispersion Models 22 DESCRIPTION OF HYSPLIT MODEL 23 Meterological Input Fields 24 Model Application to Emergency Response 25 NUCLEAR RADIATION AND HEALTH RISK 25 Radiation and Dose Terms 25 Risk 27 Health Effects of Radiation 28 CHAPTER THREE 31 OVERVIEW OF THE METHODOLOGY 31 DETERMINATION OF THE STUDY PERIOD 31 METREROLOGICAL INPUT DATA 32 SOURCE TERM 33 OTHER MODEL INPUT PARAMETERS USED IN THE STUDY 34 CHAPTER FOUR 39 CHAPTER OVERVIEW SUMMARY OF FINDINGS FROM LITERATURE REVIEW 39 RESULTS OF ATMOSPHERIC MODELS 40 RESULTS OF PLUME TRAJECTORY ANALYSIS 44 EMISSION RATES 52 DEPOSITION PLOTS 52 LIMITATIONS OF THE MODELING 61 CHAPTER FIVE 63 CONCLUSIONS 63 RECOMMENDATIONS 63 REFERENCES 65 APPENDICES 73
'ABSTRACT In this study, the local and regional scale transport and dispersion of radio nuclides released during the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear accident was modeled using the HYSPLIT model. Following the March11, 2011 earthquake and Tsunami in Fukushima area of Japan, cooling loss and core meltdown caused a continued release of radioactive substances to the atmosphere, land and also the Pacific Ocean. This accident was ranked level-7 on the INES scale and scientists and other stakeholders affirm that it has been the worst nuclear accident since Chernobyl. Cesium-137 was chosen as the target pollutant due to its long half-life and its effects on man and the environment at large. The transport and dispersion of Cesium-137 was modeled for the first week after the accident since it was the period of peak emission and deposition. The model outputs show that the peak deposition period was March 14-15, with ground level activities in the range of 103 - 106 Bq/m2. The affected parts of Japan mainland include Fukushima, Ibaraki, Tochigi, Saitama, Gunma, Chiba, and Tokyo Prefectures. The area northwest of the plant up to a length of about 50 km shows a high level of radioactive deposition due to wet deposition in that area. Using an appropriate dose conversion factor, the deposition of Cesium-137 on mainland Japan was used to estimate the received dose within the first year after the accident. The outputs of the atmospheric models, trajectory models, and deposition models show a high degree of correlation with experimental results reported in literature. Key Words: Nuclear, Fukushima, Hysplit, Accident, Radionuclide, Dispersion. ÖZ Bu çalışmada, Fukushima Daiichi Nükleer Kaza sırasında yayılan radyoaktif yerel ve bölgesel ölçekte ulaşım ve dağılım HYSPLIT modeli kullanılarak modellenmiştir. Atmosfer, kara ve de Pasifik Okyanusu\'na radyoaktif maddelerin sürekli açıklaması neden oldu, Japonya\'nın Fukushima bölgesinde March11 2011 deprem ve Tsunami sonrasında kaybı ve çekirdek erime soğutma. Bu kaza INES ölçeğinde seviye-7 sırada ve bilim adamları ve diğer paydaşların bu Çernobil\'den bu yana en kötü nükleer kaza olmuştur teyit edilmiştir. Sezyum-137 yarı ömrü uzun ve geniş insan ve çevre üzerindeki etkileri nedeniyle hedef kirletici olarak seçildi. Bu zirve emisyon ve birikimi döneminde beri Sezyum-137 nakliye ve dağılma kazadan sonra ilk hafta modellenmiştir. 106 Bq/m2 - Model çıkışları zirve çökelme dönemi 103 aralığında zemin seviyesinde faaliyetleri ile, 14-15 Mart olduğunu göstermektedir. Japonya anakara etkilenen parçaları Fukushima, Ibaraki, Tochigi, Saitama, Gunma, Chiba ve Tokyo Valilikler içerir. 50 km\'lik bir uzunluğa bitkinin alanı kuzeybatısında bu alanda ıslak birikimi nedeniyle radyoaktif birikimi yüksek bir seviyesini gösterir. Uygun bir doz dönüşüm faktörü kullanarak, anakara Japonya\'ya Sezyum-137 birikimi kazadan sonra ilk yıl içinde alınan doz tahmin etmek için kullanılmıştır. Atmosferik modeller, yörünge modelleri ve çökelme modelleri çıkışları literatürde bildirilen sonuçlar ile korelasyon yüksek bir ölçüde göstermektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Nükleer, Fukushima, HYSPLIT, Kaza, radyonüklitler, Dağılım. '
Yayılım
Dispersion
Kaza radyasyon
Radionuclides
Radioactive pollution, local and regional scale transport and dispersion modeling A case study of the Fukushima nuclear accident Simisola A. Ogundugba; Supervisor: Vali Bashiry - Nicosia Cyprus International University 2013 - IX, 80 p. map, fig.,tab. 30.5 cm CD
Includes CD
CHAPTER ONE 1 1 INTRODUCTION 1 SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 6 CHAPTER ONE 8 BACKGROUND OVERVIEW 8 FUKUSHIMA DAIICHI NUCLEAR POWER PLANT 8 FUKUSHMA NUCLEAR DISASTER 10 Containment Breakdown Process 11 NUCLEAR FISSION PRODUCTS 14 ATMOSPHERE DISPERSION AND RADIONUCLIDE RELEASE 18 Theoretical and Physical Basis for Dispersion 18 Transport and Trajectory Process 19 Diffusion by Turbulent Eddies 19 Modifying Process (Atmospheric Removal) 20 Features of the Long Range Transport 21 Atmospheric Dispersion Models 22 DESCRIPTION OF HYSPLIT MODEL 23 Meterological Input Fields 24 Model Application to Emergency Response 25 NUCLEAR RADIATION AND HEALTH RISK 25 Radiation and Dose Terms 25 Risk 27 Health Effects of Radiation 28 CHAPTER THREE 31 OVERVIEW OF THE METHODOLOGY 31 DETERMINATION OF THE STUDY PERIOD 31 METREROLOGICAL INPUT DATA 32 SOURCE TERM 33 OTHER MODEL INPUT PARAMETERS USED IN THE STUDY 34 CHAPTER FOUR 39 CHAPTER OVERVIEW SUMMARY OF FINDINGS FROM LITERATURE REVIEW 39 RESULTS OF ATMOSPHERIC MODELS 40 RESULTS OF PLUME TRAJECTORY ANALYSIS 44 EMISSION RATES 52 DEPOSITION PLOTS 52 LIMITATIONS OF THE MODELING 61 CHAPTER FIVE 63 CONCLUSIONS 63 RECOMMENDATIONS 63 REFERENCES 65 APPENDICES 73
'ABSTRACT In this study, the local and regional scale transport and dispersion of radio nuclides released during the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear accident was modeled using the HYSPLIT model. Following the March11, 2011 earthquake and Tsunami in Fukushima area of Japan, cooling loss and core meltdown caused a continued release of radioactive substances to the atmosphere, land and also the Pacific Ocean. This accident was ranked level-7 on the INES scale and scientists and other stakeholders affirm that it has been the worst nuclear accident since Chernobyl. Cesium-137 was chosen as the target pollutant due to its long half-life and its effects on man and the environment at large. The transport and dispersion of Cesium-137 was modeled for the first week after the accident since it was the period of peak emission and deposition. The model outputs show that the peak deposition period was March 14-15, with ground level activities in the range of 103 - 106 Bq/m2. The affected parts of Japan mainland include Fukushima, Ibaraki, Tochigi, Saitama, Gunma, Chiba, and Tokyo Prefectures. The area northwest of the plant up to a length of about 50 km shows a high level of radioactive deposition due to wet deposition in that area. Using an appropriate dose conversion factor, the deposition of Cesium-137 on mainland Japan was used to estimate the received dose within the first year after the accident. The outputs of the atmospheric models, trajectory models, and deposition models show a high degree of correlation with experimental results reported in literature. Key Words: Nuclear, Fukushima, Hysplit, Accident, Radionuclide, Dispersion. ÖZ Bu çalışmada, Fukushima Daiichi Nükleer Kaza sırasında yayılan radyoaktif yerel ve bölgesel ölçekte ulaşım ve dağılım HYSPLIT modeli kullanılarak modellenmiştir. Atmosfer, kara ve de Pasifik Okyanusu\'na radyoaktif maddelerin sürekli açıklaması neden oldu, Japonya\'nın Fukushima bölgesinde March11 2011 deprem ve Tsunami sonrasında kaybı ve çekirdek erime soğutma. Bu kaza INES ölçeğinde seviye-7 sırada ve bilim adamları ve diğer paydaşların bu Çernobil\'den bu yana en kötü nükleer kaza olmuştur teyit edilmiştir. Sezyum-137 yarı ömrü uzun ve geniş insan ve çevre üzerindeki etkileri nedeniyle hedef kirletici olarak seçildi. Bu zirve emisyon ve birikimi döneminde beri Sezyum-137 nakliye ve dağılma kazadan sonra ilk hafta modellenmiştir. 106 Bq/m2 - Model çıkışları zirve çökelme dönemi 103 aralığında zemin seviyesinde faaliyetleri ile, 14-15 Mart olduğunu göstermektedir. Japonya anakara etkilenen parçaları Fukushima, Ibaraki, Tochigi, Saitama, Gunma, Chiba ve Tokyo Valilikler içerir. 50 km\'lik bir uzunluğa bitkinin alanı kuzeybatısında bu alanda ıslak birikimi nedeniyle radyoaktif birikimi yüksek bir seviyesini gösterir. Uygun bir doz dönüşüm faktörü kullanarak, anakara Japonya\'ya Sezyum-137 birikimi kazadan sonra ilk yıl içinde alınan doz tahmin etmek için kullanılmıştır. Atmosferik modeller, yörünge modelleri ve çökelme modelleri çıkışları literatürde bildirilen sonuçlar ile korelasyon yüksek bir ölçüde göstermektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Nükleer, Fukushima, HYSPLIT, Kaza, radyonüklitler, Dağılım. '
Yayılım
Dispersion
Kaza radyasyon
Radionuclides