Includes index (I1-I53 p.)

INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 1

Life 3

Aqueous Solutions 40

Thermodynamic Principles: A Review 52

BIOMOLECULES 65

Amino Acids 67

Nucleic Acids, Gene Expression, and Recombinant DNA Technology 82

Techniques of Protein and Nucleic Acid Purifications 129

Covalent Structures of Proteins and Nucleic Acids 163

Three-Dimensional Structures of Proteins 221

Protein Folding, Dynamics, and Structural Evolution 278

Hemoglobin: Protein Function in Microcosm 323

Sugars and Polysaccharides 359

Lipids and Membranes 386

MECHANISMS OF ENZYME ACTION 467

Introduction to Enzymes 469

Rates of Enzymatic Reactions 482

Enzymatic Catalysis 506

METABOLISM 557

Introduction to Metabolism 559

Glycolysis 593

Glycogen Metabolism 638

Signal Transduction 671

Transport through Membranes 744

Citric Acid Cycle 789

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation 823

Other Pathways of Carbohydrate Metabolism 871

Photosynthesis 901

Lipid Metabolism 940

Amino Acid Metabolism 1019

Energy Metabolism: Integration and Organ Specialization 1088

Nucleotide Metabolism 1107

EXPRESSION AND TRANSMISSION OF GENETIC INFORMATION 1143

Nucleic Acid Structures 1145

DNA Replication, Repair, and Recombination 1173

Transcription 1260

Translation 1338

Viruses: Paradigms for Cellular Function W -1

Eukaryotic Gene Expression W - 53

Molecular Physiology W - 165