Thesis (PhD) - Cyprus International University. Institute of Graduate Studies and Research Business Administration Department

Includes bibliography (sheets 141-169)

ABSTRACT
Sideritis cypria (S.cypria) is an endangered species that is endemic to the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC). This study investigated some of the microscopical and macroscopical characteristics, the antimicrobial and the bioactive phytochemical components of the leaves and flowers of the S.cypria.The main aim of the study is to provide additional literature to the already available literature on S.cypria by determining the anatomical and bioactive properties of the wild plant, and also determining the plant part with the highest level of bioactivity. Green and Brown leaf and flower samples were macerated in different solvents and used for analyses. Anatomical results showed the presence of glandular and covering trichomes, epithelial cells with guard cells, and parenchymal cells. Antimicrobial results showed significant activity against E.coli,Meticllin Resistant S.aureus, Salmonella, B.subtilis and E.faecalis by both samples of leaves and flowers, with higher activity on the Brown leaf/ Acetone and flower/petroleum ether extract. For the phytochemical screening results, 52 bioactive phytoconstituents were isolated from 8 extracts of both leaves and 2 extracts of the flowers of the wild plant which include; 15 terpenoids, and 14 alkanes, 7 alkaloids, 7 phenols, 4 fatty acids, 2 flavonoids, and 1 steroid. The brown leaf/acetone extracts and the flower/methanol gave the highest yield of phytoconstituents amongst all other extracts.