Use of chickpea and iron (III) chloride in coagulation and flocculation of raw water from Gönyeli Dam Ositadinma Ekwue C.; Supervisor: Nur Paşaoğulları Aydınlık

Yazar: Katkıda bulunan(lar):Dil: İngilizce Yayın ayrıntıları:Nicosia Cyprus International University 2014Tanım: IX, 75 p. table, figure, color picture, chart 30.5 cm CDİçerik türü:
  • text
Ortam türü:
  • unmediated
Taşıyıcı türü:
  • volume
Konu(lar):
Eksik içerik
1 CHAPTER ONE
1 INTRODUCTION
1 Overview of Gönyeli Dam
3 Background and Scope of the Problem
4 Objective of Study
4 Scope of Study
6 CHAPTER TWO
6 LITERATURE REVIEW
6 Introduction
11 Coagulation Process
11 Mechanisms of Coagulation
12 Colloidal Stability in Water Solution
11 Mechanisms of Coagulation
12 Colloidal Stability in Water Solution
13 Classification of Colloids
13 Coagulants
13 Types of Chemicals
13 Materials of Soil Origin
15 Coagulants of Plant Origin
17 Other Natural Coagulants
18 Coagulants Aids and Polyelectrolytes
20 Chemicals Used to Rinse Alkalinity
20 Flocculation
20 Science of Flocculation
21 Floc Formation
22 Alkaline Chemicals and Acids
22 Factors Affecting Coagulation and Flocculation Process
22 Raw Water Quality
22 Turbidity
23 Colour
24 pH/Alkalinity
24 Temperature
24 Kinetics of Coagulation and Flocculation Processes
26 Particle Size and Distribution Analysis
26 Particle Size and Distribution Application in Water Treatment
26 Process Performance Considerations
26 Method of Mixing
27 Jar Testing
28 How a Typical Jar Test is Conducted
29 MATERIALS AND METHODS
29 Materials
30 Water Source
31 Jar Test Flocculator
32 Mixer /Mill
33 Labatory Incubator
33 Laboratory Incubator
35 Turbidimeter
36 Centrifuge
37 Magnetic Stirrer
38 pH Meter
39 Conductometer
40 Laboratory Weighing Scale
40 Filter Paper
40 Laboratory Weighing Scale
40 Single Channel Pipette
41 Petri Dish
41 Chickpea
42 Autoclave
43 Methods
43 Preparation of Stock Solution for Natural Coagulant
44 Preparation of Stock Solution for Iron (III) Ch
45 Jar Test Operation
45 Analytical Methods
47 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
47 Raw Water Characteristics
47 Optimization of Properties of Natural Surface Water Using Chickpea
47 Optimization of pH for the Natural Surface Water Using Chickpea
48 Optimization of Rapid/Slow Mixing Time for Chickpea Coagulants
49 Optimization of Dosage by Using Chickpea As a Coagulant
54 Floc Performance Analysis
55 Reduction of Faecal Coliforms in Raw Water Using Chickpea Coagulant
56 Optimization Properties of Natural Surface Water Using Iron(III) Chloride
56 Optimization of pH for the Natural Surface Water Using Iron(III) Chloride
56 Optimization of Rapid/Slow Mixing Time for Chickpea Coaguant
57 Optimization of Dosage using Iron(III) Chloride Coagulant
62 Floc Performance Analysis
63 Reduction of Faecal Coliforms in Raw Water Using Iron (III) Chloride
64 CHAPTER FIVE
64 CONCLUSION
65 RECCOMMENDATIONS
66 REFRENCES
Özet: 'ABSTRACT Gönyeli dam water is a natural surface water which gets its full source from the Mediterranean Sea. As a natural surface water, its source is clean but will require treatment for turbidity removal and disinfection in order to meet existing and future water treatment regulations to meet different human uses. In this research, a treatment process consisting of coagulation, flocculation, and direct filtration was investigated. The use of a legume seed known as Chickpea (cicer arietinum) and also known locally in North Cyprus as Nohut. Chickpea as a natural coagulant and Iron (III) chloride (FeCl3) an inorganic coagulant was used and compared to find out which performs better in the treatment of natural surface waters. The effects of Chickpea (cicer arietinum) and Iron (III) chloride (FeCl3), doses on turbidity removal were evaluated in order to determine the optimum combinations required to achieve the treatment objectives. A second part of this research involved a study on the effects of the coagulants in the reduction of bacteriological contaminants (faecal coliforms) present in natural surface waters. For this study, coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation tests were conducted in the laboratory using a standard Jar Test method. The performance of coagulation and flocculation process was assessed by measuring the supernatant turbidity for different dose of Chickpea (cicer arietinum) and Iron(III) chloride (FeCl3), and it was found that the natural coagulant Chickpea (cicer arietinum) offered better advantages over Iron(III) chloride in the overall treatment process. Although Iron (III) chloride was much more effective in the reduction of turbidity, but Chickpea performed better in the removal of faecal coliforms from natural surface waters than Iron (III) chloride when tested on natural surface waters with low turbidity. Key words: Coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, Turbidity, Chickpea (cicer arietinum), Iron (III) Chloride (FeCl3), Surface waters, Faecal coliforms. ÖZET Gönyeli Barajı tüm kaynağını Akdeniz'den alan doğal kaynak suyudur. Doğal yüzey suyu olarak kaynağı temizdir fakat şu andaki mevcut su arıtma yönetmeliklerine uygunluğunu karşılamak amacı ile türbidite giderimi ve dezenfeksiyonunun yapılması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, koagülasyon, flokülasyon ve direk filtreleme teknikleri kullanılımıştır. Kuzey Kıbrıs'ta nohut (cicer arietinum) olarak bilinen baklagil tohumu koagulant kullanılmıştır. Nohut (cicer arietinum) doğal koagulant ve Demir (III) Klorür inorganik koagulant olarak kullanılarak doğal yüzey sularının türbidite gideriminde hangisinin en iyi performans gösterdiği karşılaştırılmıştır. Demir (III) Klorür ve Nohut (cicer arietinum) koagulant dozunun türbidite giderimi üzerindeki etkileri ve en uygun iyileştirme hedefi kombinasyonları belirlenmiştir. Bu araştırmanın ikinci bölümü doğal yüzey sularında bulunan bakteriyolojik kirleticilerin (fekal koliform) azaltılmasında koagulantların etkileri üzerine bir çalışma içeriyor. Bu çalışmada, koagülasyon, flokülasyon ve sedimentasyon deneyleri laboratuvarda standart Jar Test yöntemi kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Supernatant türbidite farklı Nohut (cicer arietinum) ve Demir (III) Klorür koagulant dozları ayarlanarak, koagülasyon ve flokülasyon performansı kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Genel olarak doğal koagulator olan Nohut (cicer arietinum)'un Demir (III) Klorür'e göre daha iyi avantajları olduğu saptanmıştır. Türbidite gideriminin Demir (III) Klorür'le daha etkili olmasına rağmen daha az bulanık olan doğal yüzey sularındaki fekal kolform gideriminde Nohut (cicer arietinum)'un Demir (III) Klorür'e göre daha etkili olduğu saptanmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Koagülasyon, Flokülasyon, Sedimantasyon, Türbidite, Nohut (cicer arietinum), Demir (III) Klorür (FeCl3), Yüzey Suları, Fekal Koliform.'
Materyal türü: Thesis
Mevcut
Materyal türü Geçerli Kütüphane Koleksiyon Yer Numarası Durum Notlar İade tarihi Barkod Materyal Ayırtmaları
Thesis Thesis CIU LIBRARY Tez Koleksiyonu Tez Koleksiyonu YL 409 E49 2014 (Rafa gözat(Aşağıda açılır)) Kullanılabilir Environmental Science Department T449
Toplam ayırtılanlar: 0

Includes CD

Includes references (66-75 p.)

'ABSTRACT Gönyeli dam water is a natural surface water which gets its full source from the Mediterranean Sea. As a natural surface water, its source is clean but will require treatment for turbidity removal and disinfection in order to meet existing and future water treatment regulations to meet different human uses. In this research, a treatment process consisting of coagulation, flocculation, and direct filtration was investigated. The use of a legume seed known as Chickpea (cicer arietinum) and also known locally in North Cyprus as Nohut. Chickpea as a natural coagulant and Iron (III) chloride (FeCl3) an inorganic coagulant was used and compared to find out which performs better in the treatment of natural surface waters. The effects of Chickpea (cicer arietinum) and Iron (III) chloride (FeCl3), doses on turbidity removal were evaluated in order to determine the optimum combinations required to achieve the treatment objectives. A second part of this research involved a study on the effects of the coagulants in the reduction of bacteriological contaminants (faecal coliforms) present in natural surface waters. For this study, coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation tests were conducted in the laboratory using a standard Jar Test method. The performance of coagulation and flocculation process was assessed by measuring the supernatant turbidity for different dose of Chickpea (cicer arietinum) and Iron(III) chloride (FeCl3), and it was found that the natural coagulant Chickpea (cicer arietinum) offered better advantages over Iron(III) chloride in the overall treatment process. Although Iron (III) chloride was much more effective in the reduction of turbidity, but Chickpea performed better in the removal of faecal coliforms from natural surface waters than Iron (III) chloride when tested on natural surface waters with low turbidity. Key words: Coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, Turbidity, Chickpea (cicer arietinum), Iron (III) Chloride (FeCl3), Surface waters, Faecal coliforms. ÖZET Gönyeli Barajı tüm kaynağını Akdeniz'den alan doğal kaynak suyudur. Doğal yüzey suyu olarak kaynağı temizdir fakat şu andaki mevcut su arıtma yönetmeliklerine uygunluğunu karşılamak amacı ile türbidite giderimi ve dezenfeksiyonunun yapılması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, koagülasyon, flokülasyon ve direk filtreleme teknikleri kullanılımıştır. Kuzey Kıbrıs'ta nohut (cicer arietinum) olarak bilinen baklagil tohumu koagulant kullanılmıştır. Nohut (cicer arietinum) doğal koagulant ve Demir (III) Klorür inorganik koagulant olarak kullanılarak doğal yüzey sularının türbidite gideriminde hangisinin en iyi performans gösterdiği karşılaştırılmıştır. Demir (III) Klorür ve Nohut (cicer arietinum) koagulant dozunun türbidite giderimi üzerindeki etkileri ve en uygun iyileştirme hedefi kombinasyonları belirlenmiştir. Bu araştırmanın ikinci bölümü doğal yüzey sularında bulunan bakteriyolojik kirleticilerin (fekal koliform) azaltılmasında koagulantların etkileri üzerine bir çalışma içeriyor. Bu çalışmada, koagülasyon, flokülasyon ve sedimentasyon deneyleri laboratuvarda standart Jar Test yöntemi kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Supernatant türbidite farklı Nohut (cicer arietinum) ve Demir (III) Klorür koagulant dozları ayarlanarak, koagülasyon ve flokülasyon performansı kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Genel olarak doğal koagulator olan Nohut (cicer arietinum)'un Demir (III) Klorür'e göre daha iyi avantajları olduğu saptanmıştır. Türbidite gideriminin Demir (III) Klorür'le daha etkili olmasına rağmen daha az bulanık olan doğal yüzey sularındaki fekal kolform gideriminde Nohut (cicer arietinum)'un Demir (III) Klorür'e göre daha etkili olduğu saptanmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Koagülasyon, Flokülasyon, Sedimantasyon, Türbidite, Nohut (cicer arietinum), Demir (III) Klorür (FeCl3), Yüzey Suları, Fekal Koliform.'

1 CHAPTER ONE

1 INTRODUCTION

1 Overview of Gönyeli Dam

3 Background and Scope of the Problem

4 Objective of Study

4 Scope of Study

6 CHAPTER TWO

6 LITERATURE REVIEW

6 Introduction

11 Coagulation Process

11 Mechanisms of Coagulation

12 Colloidal Stability in Water Solution

11 Mechanisms of Coagulation

12 Colloidal Stability in Water Solution

13 Classification of Colloids

13 Coagulants

13 Types of Chemicals

13 Materials of Soil Origin

15 Coagulants of Plant Origin

17 Other Natural Coagulants

18 Coagulants Aids and Polyelectrolytes

20 Chemicals Used to Rinse Alkalinity

20 Flocculation

20 Science of Flocculation

21 Floc Formation

22 Alkaline Chemicals and Acids

22 Factors Affecting Coagulation and Flocculation Process

22 Raw Water Quality

22 Turbidity

23 Colour

24 pH/Alkalinity

24 Temperature

24 Kinetics of Coagulation and Flocculation Processes

26 Particle Size and Distribution Analysis

26 Particle Size and Distribution Application in Water Treatment

26 Process Performance Considerations

26 Method of Mixing

27 Jar Testing

28 How a Typical Jar Test is Conducted

29 MATERIALS AND METHODS

29 Materials

30 Water Source

31 Jar Test Flocculator

32 Mixer /Mill

33 Labatory Incubator

33 Laboratory Incubator

35 Turbidimeter

36 Centrifuge

37 Magnetic Stirrer

38 pH Meter

39 Conductometer

40 Laboratory Weighing Scale

40 Filter Paper

40 Laboratory Weighing Scale

40 Single Channel Pipette

41 Petri Dish

41 Chickpea

42 Autoclave

43 Methods

43 Preparation of Stock Solution for Natural Coagulant

44 Preparation of Stock Solution for Iron (III) Ch

45 Jar Test Operation

45 Analytical Methods

47 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

47 Raw Water Characteristics

47 Optimization of Properties of Natural Surface Water Using Chickpea

47 Optimization of pH for the Natural Surface Water Using Chickpea

48 Optimization of Rapid/Slow Mixing Time for Chickpea Coagulants

49 Optimization of Dosage by Using Chickpea As a Coagulant

54 Floc Performance Analysis

55 Reduction of Faecal Coliforms in Raw Water Using Chickpea Coagulant

56 Optimization Properties of Natural Surface Water Using Iron(III) Chloride

56 Optimization of pH for the Natural Surface Water Using Iron(III) Chloride

56 Optimization of Rapid/Slow Mixing Time for Chickpea Coaguant

57 Optimization of Dosage using Iron(III) Chloride Coagulant

62 Floc Performance Analysis

63 Reduction of Faecal Coliforms in Raw Water Using Iron (III) Chloride

64 CHAPTER FIVE

64 CONCLUSION

65 RECCOMMENDATIONS

66 REFRENCES

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