Includes index (431-449 p.)

1 FUEL METABOLISM AND NUTRITION: BASIC PRINCIPLES

1 Metabolic Fuels and Dietary Components

5 The Fed or Absorptive

7 Fasting

9 Prolonged Fasting (Starvation)

11 Review Test

19 BASIC ASPECTS OF BIOCHEMISTRY: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY ACID-BASE CHEMISTRY AMINO ACIDS PROTEIN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION AND ENZYME KINETICS

19 A Brief Review of Organic Chemistry

20 Acids Bases and Buffers

22 Amino Acids and Peptide

25 Protein Structure

34 Enzymes

39 Review Test

51 GENE EXPRESSION (TRANCRPTION) SYNTHESIS OF PROTEINS (TRANSLATION), AND REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION

52 Nucleic Acid Structure

58 Synthesis of DNA (Replication)

66 Synthesis of RNA (Transcription)

70 Protein Synthesis (Translation of mRNA)

77 Regulation of Protein Synthesis

86 Recombination DNA and Medicine

95 Review Test

109 CELL BIOLOGY SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND THE MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CANCER

110 Compartmentation in Cells Cell Biology and Biochemistry

116 Cell Signaling by Chemical Messengers

125 The Molecular Biology of Cancer

131 Cancer ands Apoptosis

133 Cancer Reqiures Multiple Mutation

134 Review Test

145 GENERATION OF ATP FROM METABOLIC FUELS AND OXYGEN TOXICITY

145 Bioenergetics

147 Properties of Adenosine Triphosphate

148 Electron Carriers and Vitamins

154 TCA Cycle

159 Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation

164 Oxygen Toxicity and Free-Radical Injury

170 Review Test

181 CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM

181 Carbohydrate Structure

185 Proteoglycans Glycoproteins and Glycolipids

188 Digestion of Carbohydrates

190 Glycogen Structure and Metabolism

197 Glycogen

204 Gluconeogenesis

209 Fructose and Galactose Metabolism

212 Pentose Phosphate Pathway

215 Maintenance e of Blood Glucose levels

220 Review Test

230 LIPID AND ETHANOL METABOLISM

232 Lipid Structure

234 Membranes

235 Digestion of Dietary Triacylglycerol

237 Fatty Acid and Triacylglycerol Synthesis

242 Formation of Triacylglycerol Storıes ın Adıpose Tıssue

246 Blood Lıpoproteıns

251 Fate of Adipose Triacylglycerols

252 Fatty Acid Oxidation

257 Ketone Body Synthesis and Utilization

259 Phospholipid and Sphingolipid Metabolism

262 Metabolism of the Eicosanoids

264 Ethanol Metabolism

279 NITROGEN METABOLISM-AMINO ACIDS PURINES PYRUMIDINS AND PRODUCTS DERVED FROM AMINO ACIDS

280 Protein Digestion Amino Acid Absorption

282 Addition and Removal of Amino Acid Nitrogen

284 Urea Cycle

286 Synthesis and Degradation of Amino Acids

294 Interrelationships of Various Tissues in Amino Acid Metabolism

298 Tetrahydrofolate Vitamin B12 and S-Adenosylmethionine

302 Special Products Derived From Amino Acids

313 Review Test 313

325 MOLECULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY AND AN OVERVIEW OF TISSUE METABOLISM

325 Synthesis of Hormones

329 General Mechanisms of Hormone Action (Only a Summary is Provided here as this has Already Been Covered in Chapter 4.)

329 Regulation of Hormones Levels

330 Actions of Specifics Hormones

339 Biochemical Functions of Tissues

350 Review Test

359 HUMAN GENETICS AN INTRODUCTION

360 Mendelian Inheritance Patterns

360 Genes

361 Mutations

362 Inheritance Patterns

367 A Summary of Inheritance Patterns is given in Table 10.1

367 Cytogenetics

372 Population Genetics

373 Triplet Repeat Expansions

374 Imprinting

376 The Genetics of Tumor Suppressors

378 Review Test

389 Comprehensive Examination

431 Index