TY  - BOOK
AU  - Nyumah,Dercilia Audrey Siah
TI  - PEACEKEEPING OPERATION IN AFRICA
PY  - 2023///
KW  - Civil war
KW  - Dissertations, Academic
KW  - Liberia
KW  - Peacekeeping forces
KW  - Peace-building
N1  - Thesis (MA) - Cyprus International University. Institute of Graduate Studies and Research International Relations Department; Includes bibliography (sheets 92-98)
N2  - ABSTRACT
The study reviewed that Africa's main cause of internal conflict is the lack of 
democracy. It is essential to considerate the colonial past of Africa and its 
Balkanization cannot be invisible n referring to internal instability. According to 
Okoye, political uncertainty is rooted by the construction of society and newest 
countries, of the colonial past. Nonetheless, many identity, economic, political and 
ethnic challenges mostly played a role in the country’s violence. The predominant has 
remained a significant in post-independence countries. For many African countries, 
such as Liberia and Sierra Leone, the dreams that came with their country's 
independence have so far primarily come to pass as their area remains devastated by 
wars and catastrophic loss of lives and property. Africa is mostly troubled by internal 
crisis and catastrophic consequences. 
Conflict is a serious insecurity problem in Africa and it continues to have the greatest 
number of armed violence more than any continent. Nevertheless, countries have been 
able to overcome obstacles on the path from war to peace thanks to in intervention of 
ECOWAS and United Nations peacekeeping. It has unique strength and legality 
through sharing and has the ability to organize troops and police from around the world 
by assimilating with civilian peacekeepers to address a variety of mandates set by UN 
the Security Council and General Assembly. These civil war embedded Johan Galtung 
conflict triangle and peacebuilding triangle and is seen as a fundamental example of 
Mary kaldor ideology of the new war theory. The two countries share the same borders 
which their crisis where intertwine. It was greatly orchestrated as a result of grievance, 
greed, discrimination and marginalization within these nations while tackling it from 
its colonial period. 
These two African countries suffered immensely from crisis, acute coups, political 
instability and underdevelopment. Which attract intervention of the Economic 
Community West African States (ECOWAS), led to various forms of peace accord 
and eventually brought about democratic ruling, peace, stability and development as 
well as unity among the people with the series of peacebuilding mechanisms that was 
implemented by the international communities. The Sierra Lone and Liberian violence 
somehow tested the ability of the international communities while promoting security
and peace while maintain humanitarian operations, based on the numeral challenges 
the international communities experience. 
It Assess the effectiveness of ECOWAS and the United Nations peacekeeping in 
Liberia and Sierra Leone. Examine the successful implementation of peacekeeping and 
peacebuilding missions in Sierra Leone and Liberia conflict. It was also to evaluate 
programs set by United Nations, and ECOWAS to end the conflict ensure that there is 
peace and stability in the countries. These organizations make recommendations to 
address the problems and sustain the peace of the nations. With the collective support 
from the citizens, international NGOs and local NGOs they all help in in the process 
of building and transforming the society through programs they created.
Keywords: Civil war, ECOWAS, Liberia, Peacekeeping, Peace building, Sierra 
Leone, United Nations

ER  -