Thesis (MSc) - Cyprus International University. Institute of Graduate Studies and Research Civil Engineering

Efforts are needed to enhance the efficiency of concrete by utilizing waste by-products, as well as preventing pollution from accumulating in river sand and valuable land. The construction industry's growing population has led to higher demand for components such as Original Portland cement (OPC), resulting in increased ecological degradation due to energy development and manufacturing contributing significantly towards greenhouse gas emissions akin to CO2 levels. This increase produces environmental problems caused by industrial littering or household debris contaminating freshwater resources, air quality or soil content with coal bottom ash, steel slag, copper slag fly ash plastic and glass noticeably increasing recently requiring significant investment leading countries facing several challenges posed towards effective disposal under secure conditions amidst huge populations' expansions within industries engaged areas at large scale. Over the last few years, there has been a notable increase in the attention given towards using waste materials as substitute construction products. Employing waste glass powder, coal bottom ash and recycled plastic in the concrete sector represents a noteworthy approach to address environmental issues stemming from its existence. Silica forms the bulk of glass composition with minor amounts of calcium, magnesium and sulphate being included in coal bottom ashes; additionally, lattice parameters for both materials alongside plastics generally range between sand-to-gravel dimensions. In this research, a comprehensive experimental analysis was conducted to examine the impact of incorporating 10% glass powder and waste bottom ash as substitutes for cement, along with 20% recycled plastic in place of sand. The overall objective is to manufacture high-performance mortar. An optimal ratio of 10% bottom ash and glass powder is recommended for achieving desirable rheological, mechanical, and durability properties. To evaluate the effectiveness of various curing methods (water-based or dry), several curative processes were conducted over a period of 7 to 28 days. The water/cement ratio remained constant at 0.45 for control mix and water-binder ratio also constant at 0.45 throughout the experiments. Glass has been collected and transformed into glass powder (GP) with a particle size distribution of 75μm, similar to that of Portland cement. Similarly, coal bottom ash is also present
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in this form, as well as well as well as well as well recycled plastic (RP) Sieved through Sieve number(4.75mm) and Sieve number(2.35mm) to match sand size. The research reveals that the binary precursor's particle size distribution plays a crucial role in determining its mechanical and durability properties. Despite plastic exhibiting reduced mechanical strength as sand replacement, it demonstrates excellent resistance against acid corrosion when utilized in tiny particles