Thesis (LLM) - Cyprus International University Institute of Graduate Studies and Research International Law Department

Includes References (sheets 66-73)

ABSTRACT
Undoubtedly, throughout history and in all cultures, men have dominated women and many discriminations and oppressions have been applied to them. Violence against women is one of the most widespread violations of human rights, which manifests itself in various forms; Domestic violence, sexual slavery and systematic sexual assault in international and domestic armed conflicts are only examples of this violence, and even now, violence affects millions of women at all social and economic levels. Governments and international organizations have been focusing on preventing violence against women through international conventions and documents. However, despite these efforts, violations of women's human rights continue worldwide. Implementation issues, particularly in the international criminal system, and lack of effective cooperation between governments hinder the effective elimination of violence against women. The international criminal system's failure to guarantee efficient implementation and the lack of effective cooperation among governments contribute to these challenges. The impact of human rights documents and non governmental organizations on women's rights is significant. Factors affecting violence against women include the state workplace, social environment, and lack of criminal protections for forced marriages. To protect women, laws should be amended and legal vacuums eliminated. Special education about violence against women should be provided to judges, society, and those around the abused woman. According to
Article 180 of the Fourth Program of Economic, Social, and Cultural Development of the Islamic Republic of Iran (2005), measures to eliminate violence against women can be taken by amending legal regulations and correcting legal vacuums. Many examples of violence against women, such as verbal violence, domestic violence, spouse abuse, bride buying, forced marriage by relatives of girls, and marriage before
puberty, are not criminalized in Iranian law. However, Iran is obliged to criminalize these crimes according to international custom and international documents related to the prohibition and condemnation of violence against women. The criminalization of these phenomena will indicate the values supported by society and help the Iranian government eliminate international accusations of insufficient women's protection.
Additionally, increasing the costs of committing crimes can discourage potential criminals from committing violent crimes against women. This thesis examines the stances of Iranian criminal law and regional and international documents for violent crimes against women. Identifying the phenomenon, identifying its causes and factors, finding solutions to control it, and providing preventive measures are crucial for promoting gender equality and promoting human rights.
Keywords: Discrimination Against Women.Violence Against Women, Women Protection, Women's Rights