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| 001 | 224120 | ||
| 003 | koha_MIRAKIL | ||
| 005 | 20221226090126.0 | ||
| 008 | 190118b tu 000 0 | ||
| 040 |
_aCY-NiCIU _btur _cCY-NiCIU _erda |
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| 041 | 0 | _aeng | |
| 090 |
_aYL 331 _bS43 2013 |
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| 100 | 1 |
_aSharif, Fryad _d1979- |
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| 245 | 0 |
_aOptimization of coagulatin and flocculation process for treatment of well water _cFryad Sharif; Supervisor: Rana Kıdak |
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| 260 |
_aNicosia _bCyprus International University _c2013 |
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| 300 |
_aXIII, 79 p. _bcol.pic., table, figure _c30.5 cm _eCD |
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| 336 |
_2rdacontent _atext _btxt |
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| 337 |
_2rdamedia _aunmediated _bn |
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| 338 |
_2rdacarrier _avolume _bnc |
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| 500 | _3Includes CD | ||
| 504 | _aIncludes references (74-77 p.) | ||
| 520 | _a'Abstract Optimization of well water has done by coagulation and flocculation process using jar test flocculator and flow through optical measurement device known as photometric dispersion analyser (PDA 2000). Jar test flocculator has used to find the optimum dosages of coagulants, coagulant aids, pH and slow mixing time by analyzing residual turbidity, hardness, Total Organic Carbon (TOC), Total Carbon (TC) and Inorganic Carbon (IC). PDA 2000 has used to study the mechanism of coagulation process through analyzing the growth of flocs and breakup. It is also used to determination the optimum conditions for the rapid and slow mixing speed and rapid mixing time by drawing time vs. Flocculation Index (FI), which the maximum value of FI is the optimum operation conditions. Two types of coagulants are used in this study, which is ferrous sulfate (FeSO4.7H2O) and aluminum sulfate (alum), and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) used as a coagulant aid to maintain correct alkalinity. For (FeSO4.7H2O) , it was found that the optimum dose and pH are (10 mg/L , 6) respectively and optimum conditions for rapid and slow mixing period are (300 rpm ,60 s, 25 rpm, 15 min) respectively. When alum has used, the optimum dose was 30 mg/L, optimum pH is 7.5 and the optimum conditions for rapid and slow mixing period are (250 rpm ,60 s, 30 rpm, 15 min) respectively. Removal efficiency for turbidity in both coagulants has examined, which is alum removed about 93.19% and (FeSO4.7H2O) removed about 88.82%. The effect of pH was also studied on removing, TOC, TC and IC through optimization, which is found that by decreasing pH removing of TOC, TC and IC increased. Finally, the cost of coagulants and (NaHCO3) has studied. Keywords: Coagulation-flocculation process, Jar test flocculator, PDA 2000,TOC analyzer Özet Kuyu suyunun iyileştirilmesi koagulasyon ve flokülasyon prosesi ile jar test flokülatörleri ve fotometrik dağılım ölçümü (PDA 2000) kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Jar test deneyleri sonucunda türbidite, sertlik, Toplam Karbon (TK), İnorganik Karbon (İK) ve Toplam Organik Karbon (TOK) parametrelerinin ölçümlerine dayanarak optimum koagulant dozu, koagulanta yardımcı madde etkisi, pH ve yavaş karıştırma hızı araştırılmıştır. PDA 2000 koagulasyon prosesinde oluşan flokların büyüme ve dağılma mekanizmalarının çalışılmasında kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca hızlı ve yavaş karıştırma hızı ile maksimum değeri optimum proses koşullarını temsil eden Flokülasyon İndeksi (Fİ) de PDA 2000 analizleri ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada iki çeşit koagulant kullanılmıştır. Bunlar, Demir (II) sülfat ve aluminyum sulfat (alum)'dur. Ek olarak, proses boyunca sabit bir alkalinite değerinin sağlanabilmesi için sodyum bikarbonat koagulant yardımcısı olarak eklenmiştir. Demir (II) sülfat için optimum doz 10 mg/L ve optimum pH 6 olarak bulunmuş ve 300 rpm 60 saniye hızlı - 25 rpm 15 dakika yavaş karıştırma periyodu optimum karıştırma koşulları olarak gözlenmiştir. Alum için optimum doz ve pH 30 mg/L ile 7.5 olarak bulunurken, optimum karıştırma koşulları 250 rpm 60 saniye hızlı - 30 rpm 15 dakika yavaş karıştırma periyodu olarak belirlenmiştir. Alum kullanılarak numunelerde 93.19 % türbidite giderimi sağlanırken bu değer demir (II) sülfat koagulant olarak kullanıldığı koşullarda 88.82 % olarak tayin edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlara ek olarak, pH'ın TOK üzerindeki etkisi karşılaştırılmış ve düşük pH koşullarında daha fazla TOK, TK ve İK gideriminin sağlandığı gözlenmiştir. Son olarak, prosesin uygulanabilirliğinin maliyet yönünden araştırılması için kullanılan koagulantların ve sodyum bikarbonatın fiyat analizleri incelenmiştir. Keywords: Koagulasyon/Flokülasyon prosesi, Jar test flokülatörleri, PDA 2000, TOK ölçüm cihazı. ' | ||
| 650 | 0 | 0 | _aCoagulation-flocculation process |
| 650 | 0 | 0 | _aKoagulasyon / Flokülasyon prosesi |
| 650 | 0 | 0 | _aTOC analyzer |
| 650 | 0 | 0 | _aTOK ölçüm cihazı |
| 700 | 0 |
_aSupervisor: Kıdak, Rana _91656 |
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| 942 |
_2ddc _cTS |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g1 _tÖZET |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g1 _tINTRODUCTION |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g1 _tBackground of Study |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g2 _tObjectives of Study |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g2 _tScope of Study |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g4 _tLITERATURE REVIEW |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g4 _tIntroduction |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g6 _tCoagulation Process |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g8 _tMineral or Inorganic Coagulant |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g8 _tAluminum Salts |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g9 _tIron Salts |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g11 _tOrganic Coagulants |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g12 _tCoagulants Aids |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g12 _tActivated Silica |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g12 _tSodium Aluminates |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g13 _tWeightier Agents |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g13 _tPoly electrolytes |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g14 _tChemical used to Raise Alkalinity |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g15 _tFlocculation Process |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g15 _tMicroscale Flocculation |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g15 _tMacroscale Flocculation |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g16 _tFloc Formation |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g16 _tFlocculants Chemical and Acids |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g16 _tAlkaline Chemicals and Acids |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g17 _tpH Adjustment |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g18 _tMixing Theory |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g18 _tRapid Mixing |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g19 _tTypes of Mixers |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g19 _tMechanical Mixers |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g19 _tStatic Mixers |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g19 _tBaffled Chambers |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g20 _tPumps |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g20 _tImproper Flocculation Mixing |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g20 _tMixing time |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g21 _tCharacteristics of Water |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g21 _tPhysical Characteristics |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g21 _tTurbidity |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g21 _tColour |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g22 _tTaste and Odour |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g22 _tTemperature |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g22 _tSpecific Conductance or Conductivity |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g23 _tChemical Characteristics |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g23 _tTotal Solids and Suspended Solids |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g23 _tpH and Corrosion |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g24 _tHardness of Water |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g24 _tTOC |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g24 _tNitrogen |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g25 _tNOM (Natural Organic Materials) |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g25 _tFactors Effecting on Coagulation Process |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g25 _tpH |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g25 _tDosages |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g26 _tMixing Speed and Time |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g27 _tTemperature |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g27 _tOptimizing of Coagulation |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g29 _tJar Test Flocculator |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g30 _tPDA 2000 |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g32 _tMATERIALS AND METHODS |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g32 _tMaterials |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g32 _tWater Source |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g33 _tJar Test Flocculator |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g33 _tPDA 2000 |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g35 _tPeristaltic Pumps |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g36 _tTOC Analyzer |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g37 _tpH Meter |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g37 _tTurbidmeter |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g38 _tAutomatic Titrator |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g39 _tMethods |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g39 _tChemical Used |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g39 _tChemical Preparation |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g39 _tPreparation of Stock Solution of Coagulants and Coagulants Aid |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g40 _tPreparation of Solution for Measuring Alkalinity |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g41 _tPreparation of Solution for Measuring Hardness |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g42 _tExperimental Procedures |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g42 _tAlkalinity Measurement Procedure |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g43 _tHardness Measurements Procedure |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g44 _tJar Test Procedures |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g46 _tPDA Procedure |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g47 _tRESULTS AND DISCUSSION |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g47 _tRaw water characteristics and Pre-Treatment |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g47 _tOptimizationion of Well water using (FeSO4.7H2O) |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g47 _tChosen Conventional Value of Operation Conditions |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g47 _tOptimization of Dosage of (FeSO4.7H2O) |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g50 _tOptimization of (NaHCO3) as a Coagulant Aid |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g52 _tOptimization of pH |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g54 _tOptimization of Rapid and Slow Mixing Speed using PDA 2000 Technique |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g54 _tOptimization of Rapid Mixing Speed |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g55 _tOptimization of Slow Mixing Time |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g56 _tOptimization of Rapid Mixing Time Using PDA 2000 Technique |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g57 _tOptimization of Slow Mixing Time Using Jar Test Flocculator |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g58 _tOptimization of Well Water Using Alum |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g59 _tOptimization of Dosage of Alum |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g62 _tOptimization of (NaHCO3) as a Coagulant Aid |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g63 _tOptimization of pH |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g65 _tOptimization of Rapid and Slow Mixing Speed using PDA 2000 Technique |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g65 _tOptimization of Rapid Mixing Speed |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g66 _tOptimization of Slow Mixing Speed |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g66 _tOptimization of Rapid and Slow Mixing Time |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g66 _tOptimization of Rapid Mixing Time using PDA 2000 Technique |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g67 _tOptimization of Slow Mixing Time using Jar est flocculator |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g68 _tComparison Between our Results and Pervious Studies Results According to Turbidies Efficiencies |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g70 _tComparison Between Removal Effeiciencies of Both of (FeSO2.7H2O) and Alum on Removal Turbidity at Optimum Condition |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g70 _tComparison Between Removal Effeiciencies of Both of (FeSO2.7H2O) and Alum on Removal Turbidity at Optimum Condition |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g71 _tCost of Coagulants and Coagulants Aid |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g72 _tCONCLUSION |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g73 _tRECCOMENDATION |
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| 505 | 1 |
_g74 _tREFERENCES |
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| 999 |
_c379 _d379 |
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